Intoduction to science


WHAT IS SCIENCE ??????

 


The word science probably brings to one’s mind many different pictures: extremely large textbooks,laboratories,coats and microscopes,bombs and military,an astronomer peering through a telescope, newton’s equation scribbled on a chalkboard,space,Einstein’s photoelectric,numbers effect,genetics......All these images reflect some spheres of science,but none of them provides a full picture of what science really is, because science has many facets.


 

DEFINITION(s)


Science is the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.


Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.


Science is knowledge gained by systematic and logical study in any branches of physical, chemical or natural sciences, which is gained through observation and experimentation, as facts or principles or hypothesis, to open up new areas of knowledge.

 

Science is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them. The best discoveries in science are very simple. ... A science is a particular branch of science such as physics, chemistry, or biology.


  1. HISTORY

     Science(from the Latin word “Scientia” meaning "knowledge")..The earliest roots could be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE.


  1. THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE

Throughout history, humans have approached knowledge about the physical world in

different ways. For example, The Greek philosopher Plato (427–347 b.c.e.) thought that

The best way to learn about reality was not through the senses but through reason. 

He believed that the physical world was an imperfect representation of a perfect and transcendent world (a world beyond space and time). For him, ‘true knowledge came not

through observing the real physical world, but through reasoning and thinking about

the ideal one.’......images of PLATO


The scientific approach to knowledge, however, is exactly the opposite of Plato’s.

Scientific knowledge is empirical—it is based on observation and experiment.


  1.    TERMS

Hypothesis : A hypothesis is an assumption(a guess), an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.This is the first step to the scientific approach to knowledge...


Experiment : An experiment is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.


Observation: Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. ... In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments.Observation is essential in science. Scientists use observation to collect and record data, which enables them to construct and then test hypotheses and theories

Theory : A theory is a carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world that has been constructed using the scientific method, and which brings together many facts and hypotheses.


Law : Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment..

 

 



Scientists observe and perform experiments on the physical world to learn about it. Some observations and experiments are qualitative (noting or describing how a process happens),but many are quantitative (measuring or quantifying something about the process).

Hypothesis brings about an Experiment,which often leads scientists to formulate a theory, a tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations. A good theory can be falsifiable, which means that it makes predictions that can be confirmed or refuted by further observations. Scientists test hypotheses by experiments, highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that confirm or

refute a hypothesis. The results of an experiment may support a hypothesis or prove it wrong—in which case the scientist must modify or discard the hypothesis.

    In some cases, a series of similar observations leads to the development of a scientific law, a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones...

  Hypothesis  ------   Experiment   --------   Observation   --------     Theory  ----------    Law


The scientific approach to knowledge..


 
 

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Location: Lagos, Nigeria

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