Kinetic Theory of matter

kinetic theory of matter

structure of matter:

(a)

Evidence that matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles[called ATOMS],can be traced back to the time of the ancient Greeks.According to Sir John Dalton's theory in 1810.HE postulated that ATOMS can neither be created nor destroyed and are the smallest particle that cannot be broke down.

The highlighted clause above indicates that it can be gotten from any substance[yam,paper,wool,metal,can] by the continually breaking into small bits until it cannot be broken down again.this tiny was named atom.The atomic theory of matter states that all matter[Gas,Solid,Liquid,...] are made up of atom which are constantly moving about a mean fixed point.

The experiment of atomic structure is the Brownian motion[movement] performed by Scottish biologist Robert brown in 1827,where he looked under a microscope and observed the motion of particle of pollen grains suspended in water.This was an unintentional discovery by Robert,Whom he noticed that the particles moved in a  zig-zag pattern even though the water appeared still.

The definitive answer to this question did not come until 1905, when Albert Einstein (1879–1955) developed a theory that quantitatively explained what was by then called Brownian motion. Einstein’s model explained the motion Brown had observed as a result of the molecular bombardments of the particles due to the thermal energy of the surrounding water. In other words, the water molecules in liquid water—constantly in motion due to thermal energy—were continuously battering the pollen and dust particles, causing them to oscillate and move. In Einstein’s model, the jittering pollen particles are like a beach ball that is thrown into a crowd at a graduation ceremony. As the eager graduates strike the ball over and over again,the ball moves through the crowd in a jittery random path. The difference is that,in the case of Brownian motion, the “crowd” is composed of molecules much too small to see.

Another evidence of the particle nature of matter is DIFFUSION. If we add few drops of pottasium permanganate(vii){kmno4} to a solution of water in a beaker or a transparent glass cup ,it quickly spreads evenly all through the water and appears to have a purple color which indicates that diffusion has occurred.Causal movement of human .farts,beverages,salts and so on..

(b)

The Atomic structure,atoms[smallest particle] comprises three(3) sub-particles namely[electron,proton,neutron]which they are negatively charged,positively charged,neutral respectively.the electron which are negatively charged constantly moves round its orbit while the proton and neutron inhibits in the nucleus of the atom.Many models for the structure of atom were proposed by different scientists like Niel Bohr,Ernest Rutherford etc.Rutherford model is the generally accepted model for the structure of atom.


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